Cuttlefish are one of the most curious species in our oceans. Firstly, despite their name, they’re not fish, but rather, they’re cephalopods. Many people probably don’t even realize that it’s possible to keep a pet cuttlefish. However, it’s possible in these wild and wonderful times. Yet, this isn’t a light undertaking and is only something for experienced hobbyists to consider. After all, cuttlefish have complex needs and require plenty of space, so you must understand what you’re getting into! Here’s everything you need to know.
First: What Is a Cuttlefish?
Cuttlefish are fascinating, but many people find them quite confusing. Their name is a misnomer because they’re cephalopods, like octopus and squid. The common cuttlefish’s official name is Sepia officinalis, so many hobbyists refer to them as sepias. Cuttlefish have several distinctive traits that make them stand apart from other cephalopods. Their key defining feature is their cuttlebone or internal shell.
Meanwhile, they possess a remarkable ability to change color. They’re one of the animals with the best camouflage. These curious creatures have eight arms with two tentacles. Their other abilities include being able to mimic other animals as a defense mechanism. Sepias will release a jet of ink to deter potential predators, too. It’s easy to see why their owners enjoy keeping them!
1. They Need a Large Tank
Cuttlefish are wonderful creatures, but some species are also fairly large, so they require large aquariums to swim around. Fun fact: they may also propel themselves backward and crash into the side of the tank. This can even bruise their bodies, so owners must ensure there’s enough space.
Cuttlefish can measure 15 to 30 inches, depending on the species. We advise at least a 30-gallon tank for a single dwarf cuttlefish; these creatures only grow four inches long. Meanwhile, you’ll need at least a 55-gallon tank for other larger varieties. If you’re planning on getting a couple of cuttlefish, you’ll need at least 90 gallons or more. Consult your local marine expert for more advice; they should be able to advise you further.
2. Cuttlefish Are Very Sensitive to Water Chemistry
Owners must ensure that they set the correct water parameters for their pet cuttlefish. Salinity is one of the most important aspects. Sepias need the conditions to be as close to the ocean as possible. They thrive in the 26.5 to 29 PSU range, but some need even saltier conditions. Anything less can prove fatal for your cuttlefish, so don’t skimp on the saline levels! The pH should always be above 8, but higher is preferable. Meanwhile, maintain a constant temperature of about 73 degrees Fahrenheit. There should be absolutely no ammonia or nitrates in your aquarium; even a small amount could prove lethal!
3. Cuttlefish Live Short Lives
A cuttlefish might not be the best option if you’re looking for a long-term pet. These fascinating creatures only have a lifespan of about two years. This is typical of most cephalopods; after all, octopuses generally only live five years. Longevity can be a positive or negative trait depending on your perspective. If you want to share a long period of your life with your pet, you may prefer an alternative. However, if you find cuttlefish fascinating, there’s no doubt that it won’t matter how long or short you spend with them.
Cuttlefish die quickly after breeding, so this is something to avoid if you want to prolong their lives. If you’re looking for a longer-lived cuttlefish, consider the giant Australian variety because it can survive for up to four years in captivity.
4. Proper Substrate Is Important
Cuttlefish are a carnivorous species and amazing hunters. In the wild, they use their long tentacles to snare their prey. They’ll also emerge from under the seabed to surprise unwitting fish and crustaceans. A good substrate is important because the cuttlefish will immerse itself in it. Fine-washed sand is one of the best options because it’s easy for them to bury themselves. They also use the sand for breeding because they deposit their eggs in it. However, lay eggs on other surfaces, too, like seaweed.
5. They Have a Massive Appetite!
Most hobbyists agree that cuttlefish are tricky to feed. For starters, they eat a lot. Secondly, they’re quite picky. It can take some trial and error to find what your cuttlefish enjoys eating. This can be challenging for new owners in the beginning.
Cuttlefish prefer to eat crustaceans like shrimp and crabs. This is the main component of their diets in the wild. You can also try feeding them mollusks and small fish. One of the most fascinating aspects for owners is watching their cuttlefish pursue their prey. Be careful not to give them too many live feeder fish because of their higher fat content. Goldfish is a popular option, but they’re not the best choice for a healthy cuttlefish. Cuttlefish may also contract diseases from them.
6. Different Types of Cuttlefish Have Different Needs
While there are many types of cuttlefish, only are select few make suitable pets. Consider the following:
Common Cuttlefish Are Easily Sourced
Most hobbyists keep common cuttlefish because of their availability. This migratory species hails from European waters but ranges as far as the Mediterranean and North Sea. They grow up to 19 inches in length and live for up to two years. As well as changing their color, they can also alter the texture of their skin.
Dwarf Cuttlefish Are Small Aquatic Creatures
The dwarf cuttlefish is much smaller than the common cuttlefish. It has a mantle length of about seven inches. They also live shorter lives, with males only surviving for a year. We recommend a tank size of 30 gallons for a single specimen.
Giant Cuttlefish: Great for Public Aquariums, Not Homes
The giant Australian cuttlefish is too big for most home aquariums. These wonderful creatures are massive and grow up to three feet in length. They also weigh up to 23 pounds. You’ll see them in public aquariums and zoos because these facilities can support their complex needs.
