It starts with a feeling – an unexpected stillness in the air, a sound behind you that makes the forest seem a little quieter than before. In much of western Canada, that instinct could be justified. Mountain lions, also known as cougars, are elusive apex predators that prefer to avoid people, but encounters do occasionally happen. Knowing how to spot the signs of their presence and how to react calmly can make all the difference.
This article is for general information only. Always follow official safety guidance from Parks Canada or local wildlife authorities if you believe a mountain lion is nearby.
Tracks Tell The First Story
Mountain lion tracks are round and symmetrical, with four toes and no visible claw marks – unlike dogs, whose claws often show. The prints usually measure about eight to ten centimetres wide, with a distinctive “M” shape formed by the pads. Finding a single track might not mean much, but multiple sets or fresh prints leading into cover could suggest a lion passed through recently.
Scrapes, Scat, And Claw Marks Offer Clues
Cougars mark their territories by leaving scrapes – small piles of dirt, leaves, or pine needles often mixed with urine or scat. These markings typically appear on trails or along game paths. Scat itself may contain fur, bones, or deer hair, revealing the predator’s diet. You might also notice claw marks on tree trunks at shoulder height, where lions sharpen claws or communicate territory boundaries.
Unusual Animal Behavior Can Signal A Predator
Wildlife reacts before people notice anything. Deer suddenly on alert, squirrels issuing sharp alarm calls, or birds scattering from the canopy can all indicate a nearby predator. If you have pets with you, be especially observant – dogs often sense large carnivores before humans do and may bark or refuse to move forward.
Keep Calm And Make Yourself Look Large
If you spot a mountain lion, resist the urge to run. Quick movements can trigger a chase response. Instead, stand tall, maintain eye contact, and slowly back away while speaking in a firm, confident tone. If you have children, gather them close. Raise your arms, hold your backpack above your head, or open your jacket to look larger. The goal is to appear confident, not prey-like.
If A Mountain Lion Approaches
In the rare event that the animal advances or acts aggressively, stay your ground. Throw sticks, rocks, or whatever is nearby without crouching or turning your back. Shouting and maintaining eye contact usually convince the cat that you are not an easy target. Attacks are extremely uncommon, but if one occurs, fight back using any means possible – sticks, hiking poles, or even your fists.
Preventing Encounters In The First Place
Mountain lions are most active at dawn and dusk. Hike in groups, make noise while walking, and keep pets leashed at all times. Avoid areas with fresh carcasses, as cougars may be nearby guarding a meal. If camping, store food securely and avoid leaving scraps or garbage outside.
A Rare Glimpse Of The Wild
Seeing a mountain lion is both humbling and extraordinary. These powerful predators play an essential role in maintaining healthy ecosystems by controlling deer populations. By understanding their habits and respecting their space, you can explore Canada’s wild landscapes safely while appreciating the rare privilege of sharing them with such remarkable animals.
