In most animal species, females take on the role of carrying and caring for offspring. But in a surprising reversal of nature’s norms, a handful of species have evolved to let the males take the lead in pregnancy and birth.
From devoted fish dads to hardworking frogs, these remarkable creatures prove that fatherhood can look very different in the animal kingdom.
This article is for general knowledge only and is based on research from zoological and marine biology sources.
Seahorses
When it comes to male pregnancy, seahorses are the undisputed icons. After courtship, the female transfers her eggs into a specialised pouch on the male’s abdomen.
There, he fertilises and carries them, regulating temperature, blood flow, and salinity to protect the developing embryos. Depending on the species, he can give birth to hundreds of tiny seahorses at once.
It’s an exhausting, yet fascinating, labour of love that sets these creatures apart in the underwater world.
Pipefish
Closely related to seahorses, pipefish males also carry fertilised eggs, but in a slightly different way. Instead of a sealed pouch, some species attach eggs to a skin flap or the underside of their bodies.
These doting dads protect the embryos until they hatch, ensuring their young have the best start in life. The commitment required is intense, as males must remain vigilant against predators and environmental threats.
It’s a testament to how diverse parenting strategies can be, even among closely related species.
Giant Water Bugs: Insect Super Dads
In the insect world, male giant water bugs shoulder an unusual burden. Females glue their eggs to the males’ backs, and the fathers carry them everywhere.
They even surface regularly to keep the eggs oxygenated, which requires constant effort and vigilance. It’s a tough job, but the payoff is huge: males that successfully hatch their clutch become highly desirable partners for future mating seasons.
This behaviour shows that dedication to offspring isn’t limited to warm-blooded creatures alone.
Midwife Toads
The male midwife toad takes parenting seriously. After mating, he wraps long strings of fertilised eggs around his hind legs, carrying them for weeks as he hops between damp hiding spots.
When the eggs are nearly ready to hatch, he releases them into shallow water, where the tadpoles can swim free. It’s one of the most devoted displays of amphibian fatherhood in nature.
His careful attention ensures the next generation has a strong chance of survival in challenging environments.
Cardinalfish
Cardinalfish males are champions of care, utilizing their mouths as safe havens for offspring. After spawning, the male collects eggs and holds them securely in his mouth.
Inhabitants of coral reefs, these fish protect their brood from predators, ensuring a higher survival rate. This fascinating method is known as mouthbrooding.
The male’s dedication is evident as he refrains from eating during this period, showcasing a profound commitment to the young. This adaptation allows cardinalfish to flourish, proving the lengths to which nature will go to protect its future.
